introduction multimedia
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talk show tell print

commercial impact

There is a large number of gadgets that could be classified as multimedia gadgets, a few of which are listed below, taken from the offerings of eluxury.com.

eluxury.com


Choose from today's state-of-the art entertainment, communication, and navigation products from industry leaders including Olympus, Motorola, and Panasonic:


    digisette
  	               pencam
  		                       wristpc
  			          	                micropda
  

More seriously, we are faced with the question what commercial impact multimedia, and in particular digital convergence, may have. Let's look at some news from business and comments from the popular press.

TV meets the Web

Monique van Dusseldorp & Partners operate on the European multimedia market as consultants. They promote, amongst others, the integration of TV and the Web.

www.tvmeetstheweb.com


Their mission:

OUR MISSION:

helping clients in Europe position themselves for

media convergence

Their interests encompass the following types of content:

content


streaming media (audio and video), interactive gaming, virtual reality and 3D animation, interactive TV programming, interactive advertising, video on-demand, webcasting and multimedia

In 2000 they issued a report sketching the European broadband landscape. Quoting from this report:

European Broadband


The advent of broadband Internet access, which has been available in the US for some time but is only now beginning to make inroads into Europe, makes a whole range of new services possible.

As download speeds have increased and more bandwidth has become available, the possibility of delivering screen-based content such as films, television programs and music has moved a step closer to mass market usage.

With respect to the adoption of cable or DSL in Europe, they observe that despite the fact that cable companies have gained firm ground, there is an even larger number of conventional telephone lines.

cable or (X)DSL?


In contrast, there are only 15 million cable subscribers, giving DSL a large potential audience.

Matthijs Leendertse, co-author of the report, observes:

broadband landscape


Gaining competitive advantage and future revenue in Europe's broadband landscape will depend heavily on a company's ability to offer integrated services: access (fixed and wireless) and content.

It is virtually impossible at this point for one single company to offer these services on a pan-European level. This means that companies need to find partners to fill the gaps in their offerings.

Let me assure you, at the moment of writing the battle is still going on!

new media

As may be read in all newspapers (in 2001), large investments are being made (by both cable and telephone companies) to improve the technological infrastructure for the new media. Not to forget, the companies operating on the mobile telephone market. Simultaneously, joint ventures arise between content developers and providers, as with the Dutch Endemol company.

Now, what does the popular press have to say about all these developments. Here is one comment, from a Dutch newspaper:

Peter Greven 23/3/2001 (Volkskrant)


new media sucks

--

people like new technology.

they don't like new media.

The translation from Dutch is, admittedly, mine. It says, in other words, that people like to receive the old stuff on new gadgets, but that they are not willing to pay for any new sort of services. For example, when considering the TIVO smart video recorder, that uses a disk cache for storing MPEG coded versions of broadcasts, just think of other gadgets and services that didn't make it or that are encountering problems in being accepted:

acceptance problems


  • experiments (failed): videofoon, videotext, cd-i, DCC
  • Canal+: information overload

TIVO ?

Perhaps the reason for these failures is the trial-and-error (aka spaghetti) method that is being followed in developing new media.

Jan van Dijk (UTwente) The Network Society


  • spaghetti method -- plate against the wall, and see which will stick
Just throw it on the market and see what sticks. Perhaps that is not the right method to be followed. But can you think of a better one?

In many cases 'the market', that is the people using a service, do not behave as expected.

observations

For example in Sweden, the upload of material far exceeded download, which is contrary to the assumptions underlying ADSL.

mobile multimedia

To conclude this chapter, let's look at another potential hype. In 2000, Webnoize published a report (by Matt Bailey), entitled Wireless Entertainment: What Is It Worth?:

wireless entertainment


The wireless web is being unleashed. Cellular providers around the globe are spending billions of dollars to bring faster connectivity to cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and other mobile devices.

As new networks roll out, wirelessly streamed music will be a huge hit with commuters, while young media junkies will demand music videos and short animations.

Tens of millions of consumers around the world will use wireless devices to gain ubiquitous access to content.

The intent of the report is to investigate whether investments in the mobile entertainment are justified. Quoting again:

wireless or worthless?


Webnoize examines how providers of music and video services can benefit from the wireless delivery of multimedia. Using survey evidence, pricing information from new wireless networks and interviews with industry visionaries, the report analyzes supply and demand to build an economic and business model for mobile multimedia.

Apart from the need to invent some business model, there are a number of strategic questions to be answered in order to estimate the risk of making investments in this direction. Following Bailey, we may list questions such as:

strategic questions


  • how quickly will wireless connectivity speeds improve?
  • what is the demand for services that deliver music and video to wireless devices?
  • how can suppliers of multimedia services monetize demand for wireless access?
  • how much will it cost to stream multimedia content to wireless devices now and in 2006?
  • are consumers willing to compromise quality for lower cost?
And more. If you are interested whether anyone is willing to take such risks and invest in mobile multimedia, just look at what players are involved.

the players


Alltel, AT&T Wireless, AtomShockwave, Cingular Wireless, Clear Channel, HitHive, Ifilm, Infinity, KDDI, Liquid Audio, LMIV, Mannesmann, MP3.com, MTV, NetCom, Myplay, Nortel Networks, NTT DoCoMo, Omnitel, Sprint, Telefonica, Telstra, Vitaminic, Verizon Wireless, Virgin Megastores, Vodafone, Voicestream.

Now make up your mind, and ask yourself the question whether multimedia is worth your (intellectual) investment.

research directions -- the information society

There is no doubt about it, we live in an information society. But do we know what an information society is?

In  [History] (p. 187), the functions of the media are summarized as

functions of media


information, education, entertainment

So, perhaps, we could better state that we live in a media society. So far, in the latter part of the previous century, television has dominated our lives, and observe that (following Ernie Kovack, cited from  [History]):

medium


television is a medium 'because it is neither rare nor well done'

Back to the main issues, what is an information society? According to  [History]:

information society


the new term 'information society' gave form to a cluster of hitherto more loosely related aspects of communication -- knowledge, news, literature, entertainment, all exchanged through different media and different media materials -- paper, ink, canvas, paint, celluloid, cinema, radio, television and computers.

From the 1960s onwards, all messages, public and private, verbal and visual, began to be considered as 'data', information that could be transmitted, collected, recorded, whatever their point of origin, most effective through electronic technology.

So, from the varieties of perspectives we have discerned, including technological perspectives, societal perspectives and psychological perspectives, we must investigate the problem of communication:

communication


  • what -- content
  • who -- control
  • whom -- audience (how many)
That is, simply, who says what to whom in what channel with what effect?! The remainder of the book will, however, will treat these issues mainly from a technological perspective. In the chapters that follow, we will enquire after the technological assumptions that make an information society possible.


[] readme preface 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 appendix checklist powerpoint resources director
eliens@cs.vu.nl

draft version 1 (16/5/2003)